Nosebleed is bleeding from the tissue in the nose. Most nosebleeds are harmless and can be stopped by all household care. Most nosebleeds occur in the region face the nose (anterior epitasis) and only occur in one nostril only.
Nosebleeds occur because the nose has many blood vessels. Kiesselbach plexus or small area, located in the front septum vascular curved-shaped is easy to rupture. It is the location of the most frequent cause of bleeding in the face of the nose. Much blood will go out from the nose into the throat.
Nosebleed can be caused due to several reasons:
Drugs, for instance:
• Drugs that affect blood clotting, seeprti warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, Lovenox, Plavix, aspirin, and anti-inflammatory drugs non-steroidal
• Cold and allergy of medicine
• Oxygen
• Nasal inhalers
• Steroid nasal sprays
• Use of drugs through nasal, like cocaine and amphetamines
Climate change, for example:
• Humid and dry weather; low humidity
• High place, e.g. in the mountains
• Chemical Vapor
• Smoke
• Injury to the nose, for example nose is struck or bumped nose
• Sneeze or constant snot
• The presence of foreign materials in the nose. This is very common in children, because they like to put small objects into the nose. But it can also occur in adults, especially after the collision, when a piece of glass into the nose.
• Health problems, e.g. un-normal structure of nose, such as polyps or nasal septum deviation
• Colds, sinus infections or allergy
• High blood pressure
• Kidney disease
• Liver disease
• Blood clotting disorders, such as hemophilia, leukemia, thrombocytopenia, and von Willebrand's disease
• Abnormalities of blood vessels in the nose, such as the syndrome Osler-Weber-Rendu. This syndrome is genetically inherited. This blood vessel disorder causes difficulty in controlling bleeding.
A rare form of bleeding which occurs, but it is a more serious incident is bleeding from the nose starting on the back (posterior epitasis) and usually occurs in the nostrils. Blood comes out more can go into the throat. Posterior epitasis occurs more frequently in adults due to health condition. For this type of treatment with the drug then becomes necessary.
Repeated nosebleeds are symptoms of a disease such as high blood pressure, allergies, blood clots disorder or tumors in the nose or sinuses.
Treatment of Nosebleed
If there is bleeding, then you should sit down and gently clip on soft areas of the nose to the nostrils closed, using the thumb and index finger, for 5 to 10 minutes. Keep your face forward, to avoid swallowing blood in mouth, and breathing with the mouth. Most of the bleeding can be handled in this way, if there is enough time to wait for the blood to stop.
If you want more quickly, it can be used with an ice pack, but DO NOT put ice into the nose with gauze. Sleeping position should not be made to overcome a nosebleed. Also try not to sneeze or side for a few hours after a nosebleed.
If the bleeding still does not stop, it can be used as fenilefrin vasoconstrictor 0.25% given to the cotton, and enter into a bleeding nose, and do emphasis back.
If the bleeding still continues, catheterization with silver nitrate can be done, with no more than 3 seconds to the location of the bleeding. But catheterization is difficult to be done to children.
Traditional treatment for nosebleeds
If nosebleeds can be given the betel leaf, which is kneaded and then rolled into such a small pipe and input into the nostrils of a nosebleed during + / - 5 minutes.
Attention to nosebleeds in children;
Crying will increase blood flow to the face and can make bleeding worse. So for the case of nosebleeds in children, make him more relaxed and calm to soothe the child from anxiety or fear. Make sure that no foreign objects in his/her nostrils
Taking the child to the doctor
Perform emergency care if:
Bleeding do not stop for 20 minutes
Bleeding occurs 4 times or more in a week
Bleeding occurs after the collision in the head, this can lead to cracks in the head
A broken nose, such as after a blow or impact
Also contact your doctor if nosebleeds occur more often or more severe, especially when more frequently that are not associated with colds or other minor irritation.
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